Профессор Я.Долгоржав: Төрийн захиргаанд ажиллаж байгаа улс мэргэшсэн байх ёстой DNN.mn

Удирдлагын академийн Удирдахуйн ухааны сургуулийн суурь судалгааны секторын эрхлэгч, Монгол Улсын гавьяат багш, профессор Я.Долгоржавтай цөөн хором ярилцлаа. Конрад аденауэр сангийн дэмжлэгтэйгээр Шинжлэх ухааны академи, их дээд сургуулиудын эрдэмтдийн баг “Захиргааны шинжлэх ухрааны нэр томьёоны тайлбар толь” хоёр дахь хэвлэлийг саяхан олон нийтийн гар дээр хүргээд байгаа билээ. профессор Я.Долгоржав тус бүтээлийн зөвлөх, редактораар ажилласан юм.

-“Захиргааны шинжлэх ухрааны нэр томьёоны тайлбар толь”-ийн хоёр дахь хэвлэл бэлэн болжээ. Энэ бүтээл гарснаар ямар ач холбогдолтой болохыг энгийнээр тайлбарлаж өгөхгүй юү?

-Аливаа улс орон, олон түмэнд төрийн албыг залгуулахын тулд түшмэдийг ашиглахаас өөр арга байдаггүй. Түшмэд байхгүй бол улс гэж байхгүй. Төрийн захиргааны түшмэд гэдэг зүгээр нэг сайн дураараа сонгогдчихдог улс биш. Яг л нөгөө Анагаахын сургууль төгссөн хүн эмч хийнэ гэдэгтэй адилхан төрийн захиргаагаар мэргэшсэн хүн түшмэд болж ажилладаг. Түшмэдүүдэд зайлшгүй хэрэгтэй мэдлэг бол төрийн захиргааны шинжлэх ухаан юм.

Харин манайд энэ салбар, өөрөөр хэлбэл засаг хуваарилах онол үнэн хэрэг дээрээ 1992 оноос Үндсэн хуулиар шинэчлэгдэж гарч ирж байна гэсэн үг. Тийм учраас төрийн захиргааны шинжлэх ухаан үүсч хөгжөөд 30 гаруйхан жил болж байна. Төрийн албаны шинэ тогтолцоог барууны шинэ үзэл бармимтлалын хүрээнд хөгжүүлэхийн тулд төрийн захиргааны шинжлэх ухаанд хэрэглэгддэг нэр томьёонуудыг хамгийн ойлгомжтой энгийн байдлаар тайлбарлаж хүргэх явдал зайлшгүй чухал байгаа юм.

-Энэ удаагийн хэвлэл өмнөхөөс илүү сайжирсан, баяжсан гэв үү?

-2022 онд төрийн захиргааны шинжлэх ухааны тайлбар толийн анхны хэвлэлийг гаргасан. Эрэлт хэрэгцээтэй байсан учраас хэвлэгдсэн ном дууссан байна. Нөгөө талаас аливаа зүйлс баяжиж хөгжиж байдаг учраас хоёр жилийн хугацаанд шаардлагатай шинэ нэр томьёог оруулах, баяжуулах чиглэлээр ажиллаж, хоёр дахь хэвлэл ийнхүү бэлэн боллоо.

Хоёр дахь хэвлэлд Шинжлэх ухааны академийн байгууллагууд, их дээд сургуулиудын багш эрдэмтдийн хамтарсан 30 орчим хүн баг болж ажилласан. Тэр багийн хийсэн ажилд зөвлөх редакторлох үүргийг МУИС-ийн Бурмаа доктор, Батсүх бид гурав хариуцлаа. Өмнөх хэвлэл дээр ч ингэж ажилласан. Яагаад энэ ном хэрэгтэй юм бэ гэхээр аливаа шинэ зүйл үүсч хөгжихөд нэр томьёо их чухал. Нэг зүйлийн тухай ярьж байгаа боловч өөр өөр нэр томьёо хэрэглэх асуудал их гардаг учраас тэр бүхнийг энэ бүтээлээр цэгцлэх зорилготой. Ингээд энэ толь бичигт 1260 үг орсон. Авлига гэдгээс эхлээд л төрийн удирдлагатай холбоотой бүхий л үгийн тайлбар орсон.

Шинжлэх ухаанд эцсийн цэг тавьсан бүтээл хаана ч байдаггүй. “Энд хүрээд орхилоо” гэж л үздэг. Тиймээс шинжлэх ухаан байнга засвартай байдаг, байнга ажиллаж байдаг.

–Төрийн захиргааны шинжлэх ухаан Герман, Францад хөгжлийн эх сууриа тавьсан. Тэгэхээр энэ хоёр улсын төрийн захиргааны удирдлагын тогтолцооноос манай улс суралцаж болох шинэ санаа, мэдлэг таныхаар юу байв?

-Төрийн захиргааны шинжлэх ухаан улс төрөөс хамаардаг. Зүй тогтлын хувьд төрийн захиргаа, түшмэдийн тогтолцоо улс төрөөсөө хамаардаг нэг зүй тогтол байна. Үл хамаардаг өөр нэг зүй тогтол байна. Хамаардаг нь гүйцэтгэх удирдлагын байгууллага, Засгийн газар, бүх шатны Засаг дарга улс төрийн сонголт, шийдвэр яаж гарахаас түүний бодлогыг хэрэгжүүлж байгаа гүйцэтгэх байгууллага. Тиймээс хүссэн хүсээгүй тэндээс хамаарна. Гэтэл захиргаа гэдэг тусдаа ертөнц байдаг учраас улс төрд нөлөөлдөггүй. Төсөв хөрөнгөө зарцуулдаг, хүний нөөцөө бэлддэгээрээ улс төрийг оруулахгүйгээр явдаг тогтолцоо Герман, Францад түрүүлээд хөгжчихсөн.

Түшмэд гэдэг тусдаа ертөнц. Хаа хүрэхийг дарга мэддэг, хаагуур явахаа жолооч мэддэг гэдэгтэй адил улстөрчид юу хийх бодлогыг тодорхойлж, яаж хийхийг түшмэдүүд, төрийн захиргааны мэргэшсэн албан хаагчид хариуцдаг. Үүнийг дэлхийд алдартай таван эрдэмтний тоонд ордог Макс Вебер бюрократ онолоороо тайлбарлачихсан. Түшмэлийн тогтолцоо яавал хүслэнгийн тогтолцоо байж болох вэ. Хамгийн түрүүнд ажил үүргээ давхардал, хийдэл байхгүй, яг таг хуваагаад авчихсан байх хэрэгтэй юм байна. Энд ажиллаж байгаа хүмүүс хууль дүрмийн дагуу ажлаа хийдэг. Хууль, дүрэм, журмаар зохицуулдаг болохоос субьектив үйл ажиллагаагаар зохицуулагддаггүй. Түшмэдийн тогтолцоонд ажиллаж байгаа хүмүүст эх зах, эрэмбэ дэв гэдэг зүйл байна. Захирах, захирагдах ёс гэж байна. Шатлан захирах ёс буюу хэн нь дарга, хэн нь цэрэг вэ гэдгээ мэдээд явна гээд цэгцлээд өгчихсөн эд. Төрийн захиргаанд ажиллаж байгаа улс гэдэг мэргэшсэн байх ёстой. Улс төрийнхөнтэй адилхан сонгогдохгүй. Өөрт байгаа ур чадвар мэдлэг дээрээ тулгуурлаж томилогддог. Томилогдох хугацаандаа карьерын тоггтолцоогоор ажиллаад, насны эцэст улсаас тэтгэвэр авч гарна. Дээр нь ёс суртахуун гэж айхтар юм бий. Ийм зургаа, долоон зарчимд баригдчихсан бюрократ онолын удирдлага гарч ирсэн. Түүнийг л бид өөрийн орны нөхцөлд хэрэгжүүлж байгаа. Энэ бүх зүйлүүдтэй холбоотой нэр томьёог цэгцэлж энэхүү толь бичигт тусгасан байгаа.

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